PAP TESTING

Cervical cancer is 90% preventable.

Cervical cancer is usually detected by a PAP test or during a pelvic examination. 

Signs & Symptoms of Cervical Cancer:

• Early cervical cancer may not produce any signs and symptoms.
• Some signs and symptoms may be:
  • Bleeding or spotting between periods, after intercourse or after menopause.
  • Abnormal vaginal bleeding or persistent vaginal discharge.
  • Pain may be present in advanced stages.

Am I at risk for cervical cancer?

You are at a greater risk for cervical cancer if you:

• 1. have had an abnormal PAP test;
• 1. have had a genital wart virus infection;
• 1. have had many sexual partners or began sexual activity at an early age;
• 1. have had previous vulvar or vaginal cancer;
• 1. your sexual partners’ previous partner had cervical cancer or abnormal cervical cells;
• 1. smoke cigarettes;
• 1. have low  immune defenses (immuno-compromised). 

A PAP test:

• is a screening test done for early detection of cancer of the cervix; 
• lets your doctor know if there are any changes in your cervix;
• is done during an internal or vaginal examination;
• is done by the doctor who gently scrapes the surface of the cervix with a spatula and a tiny brush to remove a few cells from your cervix; the cells are then smeared on a glass slide and sent to a laboratory to be examined under a microscope;

For most women, these cells are normal. When cells do not look normal, the test is repeated and, if necessary, further examination such as a colposcopy (examination of the cervix/vagina with a microscope) or cone biopsy (removal of a wedge of the cervix for biopsy) may be needed. 

When should you have a PAP test?    

According to Ontario’s provincial guidelines, you should have a PAP test:

• Every year for the first three years after you become sexually active.

• If these first three tests are normal, your PAP test should be repeated at least every two years until you are seventy, even if you no longer have your monthly period.

• If you have had a total hysterectomy in which both the uterus and cervix were removed, talk to your doctor about whether you need to have PAP tests. 

Remember that a PAP test is most effective when:

• 1. you have not douched or used contraceptive foams and jellies for 48 hours;
• 1. you have not had sex for 24 hours;
• 1. you do not have your period the day of the test. 

A Regular PAP Test Could Save Your Life! 

Also remember, you can make a difference in preventing any cancer!  You and your family can reduce your risk of developing cancer by improving or changing some of your daily habits and lifestyle. Following the Canadian Cancer Society’s “Seven Steps to Health” can help you do that: 

• Choose to be a non-smoker and avoid second-hand smoke.

• Choose a variety of low fat, high fibre foods. Maintain a healthy body weight and limit your alcohol intake.

• Protect yourself and your family from the sun. Practise regular skin examinations and report any changes immediately.

• Regularly scheduled PAP tests and mammograms, according to age, are vital. Practise monthly breast self-examination.

• See your doctor and dentist regularly for check-ups.

• Be aware of changes in your normal state of health. If you discover a lump or a mole that has changed, or a sore that won't heal, check with your doctor immediately.

• At home and at work, follow health and safety instructions when using hazardous materials.